Episode 279 - "The Son of Flesh and the Son of Promise" - Genesis 21:8-21
Gen. 21:8 And the child grew and was weaned. And Abraham made a great feast on the day that Isaac was weaned. 9 But Sarah saw the son of Hagar the Egyptian, whom she had borne to Abraham, laughing. 10 So she said to Abraham, “Cast out this slave woman with her son, for the son of this slave woman shall not be heir with my son Isaac.” 11 And the thing was very displeasing to Abraham on account of his son. 12 But God said to Abraham, “Be not displeased because of the boy and because of your slave woman. Whatever Sarah says to you, do as she tells you, for through Isaac shall your offspring be named. 13 And I will make a nation of the son of the slave woman also, because he is your offspring.” 14 So Abraham rose early in the morning and took bread and a skin of water and gave it to Hagar, putting it on her shoulder, along with the child, and sent her away. And she departed and wandered in the wilderness of Beersheba.
Gen. 21:15 When the water in the skin was gone, she put the child under one of the bushes. 16 Then she went and sat down opposite him a good way off, about the distance of a bowshot, for she said, “Let me not look on the death of the child.” And as she sat opposite him, she lifted up her voice and wept. 17 And God heard the voice of the boy, and the angel of God called to Hagar from heaven and said to her, “What troubles you, Hagar? Fear not, for God has heard the voice of the boy where he is. 18 Up! Lift up the boy, and hold him fast with your hand, for I will make him into a great nation.” 19 Then God opened her eyes, and she saw a well of water. And she went and filled the skin with water and gave the boy a drink. 20 And God was with the boy, and he grew up. He lived in the wilderness and became an expert with the bow. 21 He lived in the wilderness of Paran, and his mother took a wife for him from the land of Egypt.
This is one of those stories in the Bible that make us feel uncomfortable. Perhaps we think that Sarah is cruel and unfair for demanding that Abraham send away Hagar and Ishmael. Abraham certainly doesn’t like this proposal, and after all, wasn’t this all Sarah’s idea in the first place? She made her bed. Now, lie in it. Once again, I suggest that we press the pause button on our 21st-century western lens of interpretation and judgment. Let’s examine what is going on in the scope of God’s plan that has been revealed so far.
The scene is that of the celebration for Isaac, who has been weaned. He’s a young child. It seems to be such an insignificant thing that sets Sarah off that she demands Abraham send away Hagar and Ishmael. What happens is that Sarah sees Ishmael laughing at Isaac. Why it is such a significant thing to Sarah is not clearly defined. Perhaps she’s insecure. Maybe she’s never come to terms with the consequences of her suggestion that Abraham have relations with Hagar and conceive a son. But I find it interesting that the Hebrew word that is translated, “laughing,” is the exact same verb and form as the response of Lot’s sons-in-law when Lot told them to get out of Sodom because the LORD was going to destroy it. They laughed at him. The laughter was not simple amusement. There was a sense of derision in the laughter. Sarah had laughed herself at the LORD’s prophetic announcement that she would have a son within the following year. One thing we can be sure of is that Sarah knows that nothing is impossible with God, and he will fulfill his promises.
Furthermore, Sarah understands that her biological son Isaac is the son promised by the LORD. Perhaps in her newfound wisdom, she recognizes Ishmael’s laughter as a potential threat to what the LORD has promised to Abraham and Sarah. Sarah’s demand upon Abraham to send them away may seem rooted in jealousy and insecurity, but it may also be the LORD’s wisdom to her to manifest or guard what the LORD will reveal through Isaac.
Abraham, like us, is upset by this demand. But notice that the LORD spoke to Abraham to affirm that he should do what Sarah has told him. What is essential to notice through the rest of this story is that even though Ishmael is not the son of the promise and was the result of Abraham and Sarah trying to bring about the promise in their own way, the LORD does not despise Hagar or Ishmael—quite the contrary. God promised to “make a nation of the son of the slave woman also.” (Gen. 21:13).. Then verses 15-21 are all about the LORD providing for Hagar and Ishmael. Verse 20 records, “And God was with the boy, and he grew up.” God did not abandon Hagar and Ishmael. God permitted the separation of Ishmael from Isaac because, as he told Abraham, “through Isaac shall your offspring be named.” (Gen. 21:20). This means that the LORD has a special purpose for the son of the promise. This sounds a lot like a fulfillment of the promised seed of the woman back in Genesis 3 that will crush the head of the serpent.
Many years later, the apostle Paul, in writing to the Romans about the Gentiles being saved through faith in Jesus Christ, cites Genesis 21:20 and explains, “This means that it is not the children of the flesh who are the children of God, but the children of the promise are counted as offspring.” (Romans 9:8) Paul understands that what the LORD was doing with Ishmael and Isaac was to foreshadow how we as Gentiles could attain the same hope of eternal life. We don’t gain it by being a physical descendant of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob or observing the Law of Moses. We gain it by faith in the promised seed, the promised Son, Jesus Christ.
I would encourage you to read Romans 9-11 this week. Paul writes about God’s work through the Jews and his work among the Gentiles and how it reveals the grand mercy of God to all. He concludes Chapter 11 with the following:
Oh, the depth of the riches and wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable are his judgments and how inscrutable his ways!
“For who has known the mind of the Lord,
or who has been his counselor?”
“Or who has given a gift to him
that he might be repaid?”
For from him and through him and to him are all things. To him be glory forever. Amen. (Romans 11:33-36)